The Analytical Cytometry Core Facility

About us …

The Analytical Cytometry Core Facility originated in 1987.

It as a part of the Central Laboratory of Immunology and is currently housed in the main building of NCIPD.

It functions as an open access facility offering variable sophisticated flow cytometry techniques.

We have established collaborations with the Medical Universities in Sofia, Plovdiv, Varna and Pleven, the Biology Department of Sofia University, the institutes of Microbiology and Molecular Biology at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences,etc.

Over 20 teams in different areas of basic and applied science have taken advantage of our services, 26 young researches have received post-graduate training and have accomplished their PhD thesis with us.

We support a wide range of research and clinical areas: normal haematopoiesis, leucocyte differentiation markers, stem cell and mesenchymal cell characterisation, phenotyping of malignant lymphoproliferations and MRD, regulation of mature lymphocyte functions, secondary immune deficiencies, vaccine and immunomodulation research, etc.Within this multi-user environment, the highly qualified facility staff collaborates in training, experimental design and data analysis, development of flow cytometry techniques, appraisal of new technology and quality assurance.

Objectives

The overall purpose of ACCF is providing open access to state-of-the-art flow cytometry, cell sorting, cell cultivation and immunochemistry techniques for a broad range of clients in the fields of:

Basic and applied research

  • Human medicine
  • Biology
  • Veterinary medicine
  • Ecology
  • Agriculture

Industry

  • Biotechnology
  • Pharmacy and cosmetics
  • Food industry

The specific objectives of ACCF are to share its 20 years experience by providing

  • a powerful array of techniques for cell analysis
  • expertconsultation in pre-project experimental design, data acquisition, analysis, presentation, and publication.
  • individual and group training in basic/advanced analytical cytometry,
  • supervision, quality control and quality assurance to other FCM laboratories

CCF has currently two flow cytometers and one cell sorter. These instruments are user-friendly and standard protocols are available for various applications. Following a brief tutorial, investigators/students may analyze their samples independently.

Our goal is to maximize the productivity of the users.

What is Flow Cytometry?

  • Definition and basics

    Flow cytometry is a powerful and effective laser-based tool for analyzing the structural and functional characteristics of cells or particles in a heterogeneous suspension.

    Flow cytometry, typically using fluorescent probes which bind to specific cell associated molecules, allows measurements of various phenotypic, biochemical and molecular characteristics of individual cells (or particles) suspended in a fluid stream. The flow cytometer consists of a light source, collection optics, electronics and a computer to translate signals to data. The light source of choice is usually a laser which emits coherent light at a specified wavelength. As the cells flow past a focused laser beam of appropriate wavelength, the probes fluoresce and the emitted light is collected and directed to appropriate detectors Scattered and emitted fluorescent light is collected by two lenses (one set in front of the light source and one set at right angles) and by a series of optics, beam splitters and filters, specific bands of fluorescence can be measured (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2).

    Fig.1

    Fig 1.

    Fig.2

    Fig 2.

  • Advantages

    Speed and analytical power: flow cytometers evaluate cells at an extremely rapid rate (e.g. up to 20,000 events per second) and provide reliable and accurate quantitative analysis of selected physical properties of cells of interest.

    Sensitivity: flow cytometers detect the presence of as few as 50 molecules per cell

    Combinatorial analysis: flow cytometers can rapidly assess individual cells for multiple parameters, including:

    • physical characteristics (cell size, shape and internal complexity)
    • any cell component (extracellular or intracellular) or function that can be detected by a marker attached to a fluorescent compound

    Cell sorting: specifically equipped flow cytometers can also separate (sort) cells of interest from mixed populations for the purpose of further cultivation and analysis.

    One of the properties of the larger flow cytometers is the ability to electronically deflect cells with preset, defined properties into a separate collection tube. Flow cytometry is especially well suited for applications requiring high purity. Cell sorting by flow cytometry can separate complex mixtures of cells on the basis of multiple marker expression.

    Fig.3 Subpopulations of cells or particles that have been resolved by fluorescence or physical parameters can be isolated at up to 99% purity for further experimentation by using the instrument's cell sorting capability. Cell populations can be collected at rates of up to 5,000 cells/second, maintaining sterility to allow for subsequent culturing of the sorted cells. Sorted cells may be collected into tubes (bulk sort) or deposited into multiwell plates using the ACDU. The ACDU is the automatic cell deposition unit and utilizes the CloneCyt software for sorting from 1 up to 100,000 cells per/well. This can be useful for cloning transfected cells, hybridomas, etc. It can also be useful in a preparative manner to sort exact numbers of feeder or co-stimulatory cells into wells. INDEX SORTING allows identification of exact cells from the sort regions that are placed into individual wells. The number of cells that can be sorted depends upon factors such as frequency of events to be sorted, total number, required purity and these can be discussed prior to sorting. Sheath fluid used is sterile PBS unless otherwise instructed, whereupon you will be required to provide the facility with sufficient sheath fluid the day prior to sorting. Temperature control of the sample and collected cells can be set from 4 degrees C up to 37 degrees C.

Applications of flow cytometry

Basic research

Flow cytometry plays an integral role in the understanding of many biological processes: cell cycle and cell growth, cellular DNA and RNA content, cell function and activation, cell differentiation, apoptosis, mitochondrial activity, Ca++ release, hydrogen peroxide production, changes in the plasma membrane potential, intracellular pH etc. Detection of nuclear proteins, oncogenes, and growth factors cytoplasmic enzymes, hormone receptors, and transport proteins Cytometric analysis is not limited to the study of mammalian cells. This technology can also be applied to lower eukaryotes (i.e. yeast) as well as bacteria. Cell cycle kinetics and various aspects of metabolism can be studied. Cells of interest can be sorted and clonally propagated eg for colony assays, generation of cell lines, RNA analysis, FISH, microarrays, PCR and cell micromanipulation.

Medicine

Flow cytometry is used extensively for immunophenotyping of circulating white blood cells for the purpose of: leukemia and lymphoma characterization, MRD monitoring; determination of T and B cell subset proportions and absolute counts for immune deficiency diagnosis and monitoring; cross-match studies and stem cell content monitoring in transplantology; multi-drug resistance, nuclear ploidy and cell cycle determinations in oncology; reticulocyte and platelets counting, etc.

Applied research

Flow cytometry is a basic tool for development, characterization and standardization of monoclonal antibodies for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. FCM of microorganisms and other small particles is a promising tool in the fields of aquatic ecology, algal and phytoplankton ecology, food industry, etc.

FCM in Bulgaria: history and current state

The first flow cytometers in Bulgaria started to function in 1987: here, in NCIPD, and in the Laboratory of Immunology of the Medical Academy in Sofia. Twenty years later at least 15 university and private medical laboratories are equipped with flow cytometers for routine diagnostic and monitoring tests.

At the same time numerous research teams, laboratories and institutes engaged in basic research and applied biotechnology are still lacking accessible state-of-the-art cytometry techniques and competent consultation.

The Structure of ACCF

Fig.4

ACCF Staff

Pr. Hristo Taskov, MD, DSCi , Head of the Central Laboratory of Immunology-NCIPD

Assoc.Pr. Maria Nikolova MD, PhD, Responsible for the Training&QC acivities of ACCF

Antoaneta Mihova, Responsible for the Laboratory Activities of ACCF

Maria Muhtarova, PhD, Dragana Stankulova

Technicians:

Dimitrina Dimitrova, Slavejka Slaveva, Milena Kostadinova, Todor Georgiev, Iliana Bojilova, Maria Vassileva, Cvetelina Kesova

Our equipment:

  • Four-color BD FACSCalibur flow cytometer

    Fig.5
    • Equipped with two lasers: 15mW 488nm air-cooled argon-ion laser; 635nm red diode laser
    • Operated by a Power Macintosh G4 with Software Cell Quest Pro/ Paint a Gate/Multiset/Simulset/Atractors (Mac OS9)

    Fig.6

    FACSCAlibur: principal layout of optical detectors

    The flow cytometer is available for biological cell analysis and can be operated at a rate of up to several thousand cells per second. This instrument collects information on light scatter (indicating approximate cell size and complexity of interior cell structure) and up to four colors of fluorescence emission.

    Fluoresence detectors

    • FL1 – 530 ± 15nm (FL1 fluorochrome options)
    • FL2 – 585 ± 21nm (FL2 fluorochrome options)
    • FL3 – 670+nm (FACSCalibur FL3 fluorochrome options)
    • FL4 – 661 ± 8nm (BD FL4 fluorochrome options)
  • Six-color BD FACSCanto II flow cytometer

    • Equipped with 3 Lasers: 488 nm (blue); 632 nm (red); 405 nm (violet)
    • Operated by a Hewlett Packard PC with software FACS DIVA, FACSCanto

    FACS Canto is a fixed-alignment benchtop analyzer. It is approved by FDA and EU for in vitro diagnostics (IVD) and is available basically for clinical cell analysis. This instrument collects information on light scatter (indicating approximate cell size and complexity of interior cell structure) and up to 6 colors of fluorescence emission at a rate of up to several thousand cells per second. Equipped with loader. Post acquisition compensation possible.

    Fig.7

    The laser beams are then routed via fiber optics to the beam-shaping prisms where two lasers are projected onto separate spots in the flow cell. Here, the particles intercept with the laser excitation beams and optical signals are collected at the backside of the flow cell with a gel-coupled collection lens. The optical gel, with a refractive index matched to the lens, maximizes the efficiency of light collection. Scattered light and fluorescent signals are then focused onto the emission fiber pinholes. The flow cell is incorporated into the optical plate, creating a solid excitation and collection system with fixed alignment, and no need for user intervention.

    The optical Detectors of FACSCanto

    Fluoresence detectors

    • FL1 – 530 ± 15nm (FL1 fluorochrome options)
    • FL2 – 585 ± 21nm (FL2 fluorochrome options)
    • FL3 – 670+nm (FL3 fluorochrome options)
    • FL4 – 661 ± 8nm (BD FL4 fluorochrome options)
    • FL5 – 530 ± 15nm (FL5 fluorochrome options)
    • FL6 – 585 ± 21nm (FL6 fluorochrome options)

Two-color Becton Dickinson FACStar Sorter

  • Equipped with 488nm air-cooled argon-ion laser ; 2 Colors
  • Operated by a Hewlett Packard PC with Software Consort 30 more

Computers and Software for Data analysis

ACCF provides a variety of workstations and software options for users.

Mac configuration and Software (CellQuestPro, ModFit, Attractors, MultiSet, SimulSet,WinMDI, QuantiCalc)

HP configuration (MS Windows) and software: Diva, FACSCanto, WinMDI, Lysis, Paint-a-Gate

HP configuration (Consort) and software: Lysis II, SimulSet, Paint-a-Gate, Cellfit

PC configuration and Software (WinMDI)

as well as Intranet, Mass storage and Network printers: Brother HL2040, Tektronix Phaser 860 color PostScript printer.

Magnetic Cell Sorters

Miltenyi MACS bench-top immunomagnetic cell sorter for cell separations using samples labeled with Miltenyi beads and MACS columns.

Fig.8 MACS® Technology is based on MACS MicroBeads, manual or automated MACS Separators, and MACS Columns. When MACS Columns are placed in a MACS Separator, the MACS Column matrix provides a magnetic field strong enough to retain cells labeled with minimal amounts of magnetic material. Therefore, MACS MicroBeads used for labeling the cells can be so small and only a few are needed to separate a cell. The magnetically labeled cells are separated over a MACS Column placed in a MACS Separator. They are retained on the column, while unlabeled cells pass through. These cells can be collected as the unlabeled fraction. The retained cells are eluted from the MACS Column after removal from the magnet.

Advantages of MACS® Technology:

Gentle to cells: Viable and functionally active cells can be separated in less than 30 minutes. Excellent purity and recovery of both labeled and unlabeled cells.

Flexible separation strategy: Positive selection ,Depletion , Sequential subset sorting (depletion followed by positive selection or MACS MultiSort applications)

Compatible with downstream applications: Flow cytometry, Microscopic analysis, Molecular biology experiments , Cell culture , In vivo experiments

Developed for large-scale cell separations, the SuperMACS™ II Separator allows the separation of more than 1011 total cells in one step. Nonetheless, it can also be used for small cell numbers. Excellent positive selection and depletion rates and the cell friendliness of the separation procedure make the SuperMACS II Separator the ideal tool for research applications in the medical, veterinary, and industrial field. The SuperMACS II Separator is provided with three Column Adapters to insert MACS Columns into the magnetic field. The SuperMACS II Separator can be used with all types of MACS® Separation Columns, except µ Columns and autoMACS™ Columns

Dynall MPC-L bench-top magnetic particle concentrator for cell separations using samples labeled with Dynabeads.

Fig.9 Dynabeads® come in several sizes and with different surface functionalities, for use in a wide variety of applications.

Some beads are pre-coupled with a biomolecule (ligand). The ligand can be an antibody, protein or antigen, DNA/RNA probe or any other molecule with an affinity for the desired target.

  • The magnetic separation protocol consists of three simple steps:
    1. Bind: When added to a sample, Dynabeads® bind to the desired target (cells, pathogenic microorganisms, nucleic acids, peptide, protein or protein complex etc). This interaction relies on the specific affinity of the ligand on the surface of the beads.
    2. Wash: The beads respond to a magnetic field, allowing bound material to be rapidly and efficiently separated from the rest of the sample. Unbound material is simply removed by aspiration, and the bead-bound target washed by the use of the magnet.
    3. Elute: The bead-bound target is released in a suitable volume for use in downstream applications. Alternatively, the bead-bound target can be used directly while still attached to the beads.
  • No centrifugation or columns are required. The protocol is scalable and very automation-friendly.

The Dynal MPC-L Magnetic Particle Concentrator contains a plastic housing and a removable magnet slide incorporating high-energy neodymium magnets. The magnet is designed to hold four separate FACS or Vacutainer tubes (10–16 mm in diameter) with working volumes ranging from 1 ml to 8 ml. It can be used with all Dynabeads but for 1 µm Dynabeads (MyOne™) the volume range is limited to 1-5 ml.

Perspectives …

Services available

1. Research flow cytometry: data acquisition and analysis

ACCF provides access to both clinical and basic science investigators. Sample running may be performed by the client himself, assisted or performed entirely by the ACCF staff. Preparation of samples on place as well as using ACCF reagents is possible after preliminary consultation. Users of the core facility who plan to acquire their own samples and wish to operate the Becton Dickinson analytic flow cytometers should take the basic FCM course (for detailes see Rules and Procedures).

The following parameters may be evaluated:

  1. Immunophenotype: expression of 1-6 cell surface receptors
  2. Immunophenotype: Cytoplasmic / nuclear antigens (cytokines, enzymes, oncogenes, transcription factors, etc.)
  3. Immunophenotype: combined expression of 1-4 cell surface and 1-2 intracellular molecules/receptors.
  4. Quantitative studies: absolute count of phenotypic subsets
  5. Quantitative studies: number of cell surface molecules
  6. Rare event analysis : dendritic cells, stem cell/ progenitor cells, minimal residual diseases, methastatic sells etc)
  7. Antigen-specific T cells (intracellular cytokine detection after in vitro activation)
  8. Soluble cytokines (CBA analysis ex vivo and after in vitro stimulation)
  9. Activation (expression of activation receptors ex vivo and after in vitro stimulation);
  10. Apotosis
  11. Cell proliferation: CFSE
  12. Phagocytosis
  13. Oxidative burst
  14. NK cell cytotoxicity
  15. Basophile degranulation Proliferation
  16. DNA and RNA content/ DNA Ploidy
  17. Chromosome number and identification
  18. Cell cycle analysis
  19. Cell biochemistry: intracellular pH, calcium mobilization, membrane potential mitochondrial activity
  20. Combinatorial analysis: functional evaluation (eg proliferation, cytokine expression, apoptosis) of particular phenotypic subset sis possible using multicolor flow cytometry
2. Cell sorting
2.1. FCM cell sorting (BD FACStar)

The current flow cytometer can sort two populations at the same time. Sorted cells are collected into tubes (bulk sort) The number of cells that can be sorted depends upon the frequency of events to be sorted and total number of the pre-sorted population, as well as the required purity. These can be discussed prior to sorting. Sheath fluid used is sterile PBS unless otherwise instructed, whereupon you will be required to provide the facility with sufficient sheath fluid the day prior to sorting.

Upon customers request cell cultivation facilities are available for short-term cultivation before and after the cell sorting.

2.2. Immunomagnetic cell sorting: MACS and Dynal systems

Sorting experiments require obligatory preliminary consultation.

Entirely sterile conditions are provided.

Upon customers request cell cultivation facilities are available for short-term culture before and after the cell sorting.

3. Cell cultivation

The cell cultivation unit of ACCF is principally provided for short-term purposes:

  • in vitro functional studies requiring 24h to 6 day incubation before flow cytometry analysis
  • pre- and post-sort cultivation
  • post-sort experiments requiring short-term cultivation
  • cells decongelation and congelation

Long-term projects such as cloning, establishment of cell lines, hybridoma development are envisaged upon request and after preliminary consultation.

4. Immunochemistry

Basic immunochemistry support is provided in association with flow cytometry protocols:

  • conjugation of custom (monoclonal) antibody reagents with Biotin, FITC, R-PE
  • determination of antibody isotype/subclass
  • measuring or protein concentrations (spectrophotometry)
  • protein purification procedures (gel-chromatography)
5. Clinical and applied flow cytometry

The Flow Cytometry Core Facility offers its equipment and expertise for the needs of national and international surveys and clinical trials, according to the requirements of GLP. One of the major long-term goals of the facility is to collaborate with investigators in the development of new, leading edge applications of flow technology. Investigators are encouraged to discuss their ideas and/or needs with the director of the facility.

6. Consultation services

Individually –oriented consultation is provided at all stages of your research project:

6.1. Free pre-project consultation to discuss the application of Flow Cytometry to the principal investigator's project or proposed use. All users are encouraged (required) to do this. This consultation often provides the PI alternatives, insures that proper controls will be run, and eliminates repeat studies due to technical inexperience with Flow Cytometry. A small library of books, specialised journals and reference materials are available for use.

6.2. Data generation, analysis and interpretation. You may be assisted at every step of your research project: protocol establishment, sample preparation, data acquisition, data analysis and interpretation

6.3 Review of data presentation for publication. This service seeks to eliminate errors in data presentation/conclusions thus increasing the chances for manuscript acceptance.

7. Training Activities

The technology of flow cytometry is rapidly growing and highly technical. Errors in sample acquisition and/or data analysis are common among poorly trained users and can lead to misleading and/or unreliable data. The facility staff are committed to providing training and education for all the facility users.

Group training sessions at two levels: basic and advanced are available and individual help is provided whenever possible. The basic course provides the indispensable theoretical and practical knowledge for working with a bench-top instrument; advanced courses provide state-of-the-art information on important cutting-edge topics in cytometry. Lectures and hands-on laboratory training are provided by the leading national specialists. Internationally recognized specialists in analytical cytometry and related fields are invited on a regular basis.

  • 7.1 Who should take the basic flow cytometry course?

    • Users of the core facility who plan to acquire their own samples and wish to operate the Becton Dickinson analytic flow cytometers under the supervision of the Core staff.
    • Investigators who plan to use flow cytometry in their research. in order to gain insight into the research potential of flow cytometry techniques.
    • All researchers with own flow cytometers who wish to utilize this training resource.
  • COURSE OVERVIEW

    1.The theoretical tutorial - a brief overview of basic flow cytometric principles:

    1. Components of flow cytometers (fluidics, lasers, filters, detectors)
    2. Fluorescence absorption and emission
    3. Spectral overlap
    4. Fluorescence compensation
    5. Fluorescence intensity measurements
    6. Data analysis
    7. Biosafety recommendations

    2. The hands-on training:

    1. Introduction to instrument set-up
    2. Introduction to CellQuest software
    3. Introduction to gating principles
    4. Set up of multi-color flow cytometry
    5. Electronic compensation adjustments
    6. Data analysis techniques
    7. Troubleshooting tips
    8. A brief overview of Core Laboratory Policies
    9. Practical Biosafety considerations
  • 7.2 Who should take the advanced cytometry courses?

    • Flow cytometry users with the basics skills who are interested to develop their qualifications.
    • Investigators who plan to use flow cytometry in their research and are interested in specific techniques
    • Specialists in different fields of research and medicine, as the advanced courses also treat the potential applications of flow cytometry techniques and flow cytometry data interpretation.

    Suggested topics for advanced cytometry training

    • Quantitative cytometry,
    • Sorting strategies
    • Cell activation and proliferation by flow cytometry
    • Cytometry of apoptosis
    • Chromosome sorting and genomics
    • Monitoring immune function by flow cytometry
    • Immune Monitoring of HIV patients
    • Combined immunophenotyping and functional techniques
    • Microbead array-based analytical systems
    • Advances of FCM in oncohematology
    • Fluorochromes for Flow Cytometry OR
    • Strategies in multicolor flow cytometry
    • Flow cytometry and Neoplastic Transformations: Diagnosis, Prognosis, Monitoring and Treatment
    • The future of flow cytometry instrumentation
    • Antigen-specific responses by FCM
    • QC and QA in FCM
  • 7.3. Registration formalities

    The basic course is held on an as-needed basis, usually once every month, most often on Mondays and Tuesdays. A minimum of four confirmed students is needed to arrange a suitable class date. The maximum class size is eight students.

    The advanced courses are held according to the annual program anounced on this site. You are encouraged to confirm your applications as early as possible. A minimum of eight confirmed students is needed for a course to take place.

    Click here to get information for the next available training course.

8. On-place technical assistance

You are new in the field of flow cytometry? Having technical difficulties with your on instrument? Individual training regarding any aspect of flow cytometry is available by appointment. Contact us for a custom training session.

9. Current Protocols in Flow Cytometry

An important area for assuring high quality work is the dissemination of reliable protocols for specific flow cytometry applications. To this end, a protocol page is under construction on the flow facility World Wide Web server for access over the Internet.

Own Protocols

  • Direct Surface Immunophenotyping using TRUCount tubes: a lysis-no-wash procedure
  • Direct Surface Immunophenotyping: a lysis-and-wash procedure
  • Evaluation of antigen-specific T cells by Intracellular cytokine staining (IFNg, IL4)
  • Identification of Treg by intacellular staining for FoxP3
  • Evaluation of allergen-specific basophyl degranulation (BasoTest)
  • Evaluation of CD8 subset proliferation (CFSE)
  • Evaluation of Phagocytosis
  • Detection of Apoptosis by AnnexinV
  • Preparation of Lysing Solution
  • Preparation of Sheath fluid
  • Antibody conjugation with FITC
  • Antibody conjugation with Biotin

Other Protocols

  • Direct Surface Immunophenotyping
  • PI Staining for Cell Cycle Determination PLUS FITC-Surface Staining
  • Apoptosis Detection Techniques
    • Hoechst/7-AAD
    • TUNEL
  • 1% Paraformaldehyde Solution for Surface Immunophenotyping
  • 4% Paraformaldehyde Solution for Cytoplasmic Staining, Including TUNEL
  • Permeablizing Solution for Intracellular Staining
  • Intracellular bcl-2 Staining of Lymphocytes
  • Cell Cycle with PI or Hoechst 33342
  • Indo-1 Calcium Ion Flux Cell Cycle/Proliferation From Cooper Hospital
  • Basic Protocols for using CD monoclonal antibodies From Research Diagnostics Inc.

10. Supervision and Quality Assurance of other FCM laboratories

The participation of laboratories in External Quality Control Surveys is an obligatory element of GLP and QA systems, according to the European legislation standards, the current Bulgarian standards for accreditation of analytical laboratories (ISO/IEC 17025:2005 and ISO/IEC 15 189: 2004) and the Regulation N13/30.07.2003 of the Ministry of Health. ACCF is part of the Central laboratory of Immunology at NCIPD, which was the first medical laboratory in Bulgaria certified according to ISO/IEC 17025:2005 in 2004, currently in process of re-accreditation. Since 2004 ACCF has been organizing an external control survey for flow cytometry laboratories in Bulgaria. Since 2007 this survey has become a part of the System for External Quality Control of the Bulgarian Association for Clinical Immunology.

11. Policies & Fees

11.1. Policies

  1. Users wishing to pass samples on their own should provide a certificate for flow cytometry training or take the basic course proposed by ACCF. You may also choose to have our specialists run samples for you, therefore bypassing the need for training.
  2. The FACSCanto II 8-color flow cytometer is run exclusively by our trained specialists. Users should schedule time for the specialist to run samples via email, but available times will be posted on the website.
  3. A fee will be charged for anyone who signs up and fails to notify the center that they no longer intend to use the time slot. A 12 hour minimum notification to cancel your time slot is required. Unusual or extenuating circumstances for last minute notifications will be reviewed on a case by case basis.

11.2. Fees

Types of Services Offered For Charge (for details contact the head of ACCF).

  • Operator assisted acquisition and analysis
  • Operator unassisted acquisition (for individuals who have attended the basic course)
  • Sample staining and analysis
  • Fluorescence activated cell sorting
  • Operator assisted use of MACS and Dynall cell separators
  • Operator unassisted use of MACS and Dynall cell separators
  • Training courses
  • Individual consultation and technical assistance

Free services:

  • Pre-project consultation
  • Protocols and instructional sessions on the operation of MACS and Dynall
  • Operator unassisted data analysis

The site of National Centre of Infectious and Parazitic Diseases uses cookies to interact with its users.